Article by Guus J.M. Velders, Stephen O. Andersen, John S. Daniel, David W. Fahey, Mack McFarland in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, January 2007.

published by GTZ Proklima and TUEV-Sued

This handbook is a guidebook for policy-makers involved with designing nationwide policies to support the use of natural refrigerants and for manufacturers and installers of HCFC and HFC equipment to reliably assess the suitability of hydrocarbon options and subsequently implement them. GTZ-Proklima teamed up with TUEV Sued to ensure that the safety system is described from both angles, from a third party perspective and from an Implementing Agency.

This publication will be shortly available, please re-check the website again..

Second editon, jointly published by GTZ-Proklima, SENAI and MMA Brazil. This manual provides professional guidance on how to service and maintain refrigeration systems operating with new technology, e.g. ozone-friendly alternative refrigerants to CFCs and HCFCs.

Part 1 addresses tools and equipment for tubing, refrigerant handling and containment.

Part 2 focuses on handling of servicing and maintaining refrigeration systems.
click here.

The second in a series of special international issues of the magazine "Industria & Formazione" featuring articles on the interlinkages between ozone protection, climate change and energy efficiency written by internationally-renown experts in industry, government, and research institutes. This magazine was produced by the Centro Studi Galileo in cooperation with UNEP's OzonAction Programme, the International Institute of Refrigeration, and the Associazione dei Tecnici del Freddo, under the auspices of the Italian Ministry of the Environment. The magazine was released at the 20th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (Doha, Qatar, 16-20 November 2008). This publication focuses on alternatives to HCFCs, including both natural and fluorinated refrigerants. For a full list of the articles, click here.

A compilation of articles on ozone-and climate-friendly HCFC alternatives in the foam sector.

This volume is a collection of articles by experts from academia and governmental institutions, along with representatives from manufacturers, suppliers and end-users of HCFCs in the foam sector. It attempts to provide guidance to those involved in implementing the HCFC phase-out under the Montreal Protocol and all other kinds of climate protection projects in developing countries: policy stakeholders as well as manufacturers and end-users of HCFCs in the foam sector from both developed and developing countries.

Various issues relevant to the introduction of natural blowing agents are covered: legislative and policy-related aspects, general properties, assets and drawbacks of natural blowing agents; different applications in the manufacturing of foams; innovative technology solutions, and case studies from Art-5 countries on how the technology conversion towards natural substances has successfully been implemented.

http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2009-en-proklima-nat-blow-agents.pdf

This collection of articles highlights the benefits of natural refrigerants and provides guidance to those involved in implementing the HCFC phase-out in developing countries: policy stakeholders, manufacturers of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment, and end-users of R22 such as supermarket chains or owners of large (commercial) buildings with installed air-conditioning systems. It contains 31 articles covering the following themes: policies and legislation on F-gases and related issues; safety concerns and ways of overcoming them; a technical assessment of natural refrigerants in different applications (air conditioning, commercial and industrial refrigeration and heat pumps); and case studies by manufacturers and end-users providing insights into market developments and examples of successful conversions of systems previously using R22 to natural refrigerants.

A case study booklet developed by the OzonAction Programme in 1999 that informs developing countries about how companies and organisations in other countries have successfully identified, evaluated and adopted refrigerants that do not rely on HCFCs. Each case study includes background about the company, a description of the alternative technology, observations about the applicability to developing countries, and contacts for more information.

ammonia21.com is a commercial web site that aims to foster the worldwide use of ammonia (NH3, also known as R-717) in industrial and commercial refrigeration, chilling, and other applications. It includes details about commercially-available NH3-based technology, provides an interactive tool to connect with the global ammonia community, and information about the latest progress regarding the use of ammonia as a natural refrigerant.

hydrocarbons21.com is a commercial web site that aims to support the worldwide use of hydrocarbon (HC) refrigerants in cooling, refrigeration, and heating. It includes details about commercially-available HC technology, provides an interactive tool to connect with the global HC community, and information about the latest developments regarding the use of hydrocarbons as natural refrigerants, including propane, isobutane, propylene and others. Some of the HC technologies featured on this site are replacements for HCFCs.

R744.com is a commercial web site that covers "Everything R744" in mobile air conditioning (MAC), refrigeration, heat pumps, and other applications. The website includes: news affecting the use of R744 worldwide; Components, systems and engineering services for R744 mobile and stationary heating, cooling, and refrigeration systems; Policies andlegislation worldwide; Upcoming conferences andevents;
Papers database; Frequently Asked Questions about CO2 in different applications; Forums to share best practice and exchange ideas about the use of R744; Jobs platform to connect employers and qualified staff active in R744 technology.

From the Report of the 18th MOP, pages 38-39 (document number UNEP/OzL.Pro.18/10)

 

 

A brochure explaining the environmental and financial reasons to replace CFC chillers with new, energy-efficient equipment. A partnership of international organisations, governments, manufacturers, NGOs and others have endorsed the brochure to eliminate uncertainty and underscore the wisdom of replacing CFC chillers.

An Environmental Investigation Agency review of the phase-out scenarios which were under discussion at the 19th Meeting of the Parties of the Montreal Protocol and recommends how to achieve maximum benefits for the climate and the ozone layer.

A comparative assessment by the Environmental Investigation Agency of the proposed Adjustments which were considered at the 19th Meeting of the Parties of the Montreal Protocol.

An Environmental Investigation Agency report

An Environmental Investigation Agency report that explores linkages between ozone layer depletion and climate change: the urgent case of HCFCs and HFCs.

A Special Issue of OzonAction dedicated to HCFCs, released in advance of the 20th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (Doha, Qatar, November 2008)

Part of a series of factsheets developed by the Compliance Assistance Programme (CAP) team located in UNEP's Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (ROAP) to address developing countries' priority questions related to compliance with the Montreal Protocol.

A 2007 paper by Kaniaru et al that assesses successes of the Montreal Protocol and considers advances in protecting the ozone layer and mitigating climate change.

A USEPA web page about the environmental benefits of the new, stronger HCFC phaseout agreement. Includes: historical background, the HCFC phase out in the United States, Questions & Answers about the Proposed HCFC Allowance Allocation System, the potential climate benefits of the new HCFC controls agreed at the 19th Meeting of the Parties.

A searchable database on HCFC consumption and production data as reported by countries to the Ozone Secretariat.

A visual analytical tool for national strategic planning showing HCFC trends in Article 5 countries.

Information about the HCFC surveys undertaken by UNDP (for Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Lebanon, Mexico, Venezuela) and by the Government of Germany (for China). From the report of the 51st Meeting of the Executive Committee, March 2007
(document number UNEP/OzL.Pro/ExCom/51/46).

 

A presentation made at the 2007 meeting of Europe and Central Asia Regional Network of Ozone Officers.

A worldwide database of the commercial trade names of chemical products containing ozone depleting chemicals -including HCFCs - controlled under the Montreal Protocol. This service is designed to help customs officials and National Ozone Units control imports and exports of these chemicals and prevent their illegal trade.

The accelerated phase-out schedule for HCFCs agreed on at the 19th Meeting of the Parties places increased urgency on the need to identify cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives. To support developing countries with this challenge the European Commission organised a technical meeting held on 5-6 April 2008 in Montreal, Canada.The meeting offered an early opportunity for preparing the implementation of Decision XIX/6 of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol by gathering and providing information on cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to HCFCs in the refrigeration/air-conditioning and foam sectors. The meeting also provided information on the technical tools for implementing viable alternatives.